Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), is a monomeric glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts that functions as a cytokine.GM-CSF also plays a role in embryonic development by functioning as an embryokine produced by the reproductive tract.

Expression System

Escherichia coli

Sequence

APARSPSPSTQPWEHVNAIQEARRLLNLSRDTAAEMNETVEVISEMFDLQEPTCLQTRLELYKQGLRGSLTKLKGPLTMMASHYKQHCPPTPETSCATQIITFESFKENLKDFLLVIPFDCWEPVQE with polyhistidine tag at the N-terminus.

Species

Human

Tag

polyhistidine tag at the N-terminus

Endotoxin Level

<0.1 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Activity

Measure by its ability to induce TF-1 cells proliferation.

The ED50 for this effect is <80 pg/mL.

The specific activity of recombinant human GM-CSF is approximately >1 x 10⁷ IU/mg.

Purity

>98% as determined by SDS-PAGE. Ni-NTA chromatography

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a solution containing 1X PBS, pH 8.0.

Reconstitution

It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized protein in sterile H₂O to a concentration not less than 100 μg/mL and incubate the stock solution for at least 20 minutes to ensure sufficient re-dissolved.